Types of Expression for SMA/MA Grade XII

TYPES OF EXPRESSION

XII SMA

I. EXPRESSION OPINION AND FEELING

A. OPINION

Expression of Asking and Giving Opinion.

Definisi Opini
Pengertian Opini (opinion) Menurut Wikipedia adalah pendapat, ide atau pikiran untuk menjelaskan kecenderungan atau preferensi tertentu terhadap perspektif dan ideologi akan tetapi bersifat tidak objektif karena belum mendapatkan pemastian atau pengujian. Meskipun bukan merupakan sebuah fakta akan tetapi jika suatu saat suatu opini dapat dibuktikan maka opini tersebut akan berubah menjadi sebuah fakta.

Asking opinios

Giving opinions

· What do you think of …

· Is that right (true) that …

· Do you think it’s going …

· Why do they behave like that?

· Do you have any idea?

· How do you like …?

· Please give me your frank opinion.

· What’s your opinion?

· In my opinion, …

· I personally believe …

· I personally think …

· I personally feel not everyone will agree with me, but …

· To my mind …

· From my point of view…

· Well, personally …

· If I had my way I would …

· What I’m more concerned with is …

· In my case …

· I think...

· As far as I'm concerned,..

· According to me,...

· As I see it, ...

· It seems to me that...

· In my point of view / my opinion,....

· From my point of view...

· I am of the opinion that...

· I take the view that. ..

· My personal view is that...

· In my experience...

· As far as I understand / can see/ see it,...

Agreeing with an opinion	Partial agreement	Disagreeing with an opinion
· I agree with this opinion. · I completely agree with this view. · This is absolutely right. · I couldn't / can't agree more.	· I agree with this point of view, but... · This idea is right, but... · I agree with you, but...	· I'm afraid. I can't agree with you. · I disagree with you. · I don't agree with you. · I'm not sure I agree with you · I think you're wrong

Example of Dialog Expressing Opinion

Read this dialogue!
Andy : Well, what do you think of my car?
Bimo : Well, personally, It looks comfortable. By the way, is it an expensive American car?
Andy : No, it’s a cheap small Japanese car.
Bimo : How many people can it take?
Andy : There’s room for five people.
Bimo : Has it got brakes?
Andy : Yes, there’re very good. The engine’s in the front, and there’s a big boot in the back.
Bimo : It’s looks well made
Andy : Would you like to come for drive?
Bimo : OK. Drive carefully, won’t you. There’s a lot of traffic today.

Answer the questions.
1. How many persons are involved in the conversation?
2. Who is the owner of the car?
3. How does the car look like?
4. What does Bimo think about Andy’s car?

B. FEELING

1. Expressing pleased/happy

I’m very pleased with … /how marvellous! (neutral)

Great!/ Terrific! / Fantastic! / (informal situation)

I’m delighted to hear that. / It gives me great pleasure to hear … (formal situation)

Examples:

· You’ve passed your exam.

· Oh, it’s good news./ I’m pleased. (neutral situation)

· Hey, that’s great! (informal situation)

· Oh. I’m delighted to hear that. (formal situation)

2. Showing symphaty

I’m very sorry to hear that. / I’m awfully sorry. / How annoying. / You must be very upset. / That’s a shame. (neutral situation)

That’s awful. / How dreadful! / Oh no! / Poor you. / What a shame! / Oh, hard luck. (informal situation)

I’m extremely sorry to hear that. / I am deeply sorry to hear that. / What a terrible situation for you. / I do sympathisize. (formal situation)

Examples:

· I’ve lost my wallet somewhere. It’s got over one million rupiah on it.

· I’m sorry to hear that. (neutral)

· Oh no! (informal situation)

· What a terrible situation for you. (formal situation)

Expressing Relief, Pain and Pleasure

3. Expressing Pleasure

Expressing Pleasure: expressing enjoyment, happiness or satisfaction

Use to express pleasure, showing one’s feeling of happiness.
The expression that you can use:

· Great!

· Terrific!

· Fantastic!

· I’m pleased.

· I enjoyed it.

· I love it.

· It was terrific.

· I’m delighted.

· It is very delighted.

· It is great pleasure.

· I am happy (for) …

· I am glad.

· I can’t say how pleased/delighted/glad/happy I am

· It’s wonderful.

· How marvelous.

· Isn’t this great?

Example of Expressing Pleasure Dialogue
Jasper             : What are you doing now?
Bella                : I am reading a novel.
Jasper             : A novel?
Bella                : Yeah, and I enjoy it, because this novel is very interesting.
Jasper             : Can I borrow that novel tomorrow?
Bella                : Of course, you can.
Jasper             : Thanks a lot Bella!

4. Expressing Relief

Expressing Relief: expressing a lessened pain or stress.

Use to express relief. When we have problem, then we can solve it, we will feel relief. In other situation, when we worry about something that we will face, then we can face it, we will also feel relief. A relief is lessening or ending of pain and worry.
The following are expression of relief:

· What a relief!

· That’s a relief.

· I’m very relieved to hear that.

· I’m glad everything is running well.

· I’m glad it’s done.

· It’s very relaxing.

· Thank God for that.

· Thank goodness.

· Thank heavens.

· I feel so relieved.

· Oh, good!

· Oh, marvelous.

· I’m glad about…!

· It’s great relief.

· Whew!

Example of Expressing Relief Dialogue
Daughter       : Mom, can I go to my friend’s birthday party tonight?
Mother          : Whose party, honey?
Daughter       : David’s party.
Mother          : What! Do you mean that David? I don’t think he’s a suitable boy. I will never

                         allow you to go there.
Daughter       : But, mom….
Mother          : No buts, Sarah! You are not going to a party at his house. Never!

5. Expressing Pain

Expressing Pain: expressing emotional or mental suffering.

Use to express if you get hurt
When we get sick, we must feel pain on our part of body. When we get an accident, and we get injured because of it, we must feel pain.

The following are some expressions of expressing pain:

· It’s very painful. I can’t stand it.

· The pain hurt me very much.

· That hurts!

· Oh, my headaches.

· It hurts me so much.

· My back pains me.

· Ouch!

· Oh, it’s killing me!

Example of Expressing Pain Dialogue
(James falls down from the tree. Andy tries to help him.)
Andy               : Are you okay?
James             : Ouch! That hurts.
Andy               : Let me help you.
James             : Thanks.
Andy               : You should be more careful.

II. STATING AND ASKING ABOUT PLANS AND INTENTION

Expressing Plans, Purposes, and Intentions

Plan : rencana.

Purpose : tujuan.

Intention : maksud.

Tiga kata ini mempunya arti yang hampir sama. Intinya adalah apa yang akan dilakukan. Contoh pertanyaan mengenai Plan/rencana, Purpose/tujuan, Intention/maksud.

Kamu mau ngapain, apa tujuan kamu kesana? Apa maksud kedatangan mu? dan jawabanya, Saya mau ngepel rumah, tujuan saya kesana saya mau membeli baju, maksud kedatangan saya kesini saya mau minta maaf pada kamu.

Asking Plan, Purpose, Intention	Expressing Plan, Purpose, Intention
· What are you going to do? · Any plan to …? · Are you thinking of …? · Do you have any intention of …? · Is it your intention to …?	· I’m going to … · I’m planning to … · I’ll make an effort to … · I’m thinking of … · I reckon I’ll … · I have every intention of … · I fully intend to … · It is my intention to …

Dialog Expressing Plans, Purposes, and Intentions

A : Hey, u look so serious. What’s the matter ?
B : Oh.., i’m just thinking about something
A : What is it about ?
B : I’m thinking that i’m gonna hold a x’mas party in our class in this year
A : Wow, sounds great !
B : Really ? U think so ?
A : Yeah. But what’s the purpose of that party ?
B : I’m just thinking that’s the best idea to gathering all of our class members during the x’mas

eve this year
A : I think it would be nice if we also make an event, like change our present to our friends
B : Ok. Now, i need to have permission from head master. I need his permit to use our class

room on x’mas eve and talk to our mother class to ask her to come and participate in that

party
A : is there anything that i could do ?
B : we also need to make permission’s letter to give to our parents. It would be helpful if u

make it.
A : sure. With my pleasure

III. MAKING SUGGESTION, REQUEST AND INSTRUCTION

Expressions of Making Suggestions, Requests and Instructions

Sunggestion adalah saran.

Suatu pesan yang kita ingin untuk dilakukan oleh orang lain. Menurut kamus merriam-webster.com suggestion adalah an idea about what someone should do or how someone should behave Misalnya, “Kamu sebaiknya ikut lomba pidato bahasa inggis”.

Request menurut kamus Marriam-webster.com adalah an act of politely or formally asking for something. Yang berarti sebuah tindakan yang sopan atau formal untuk meminta sesuatu.

Instruction adalah : a statement that describes how to do something or an order or command. Artinya instruction adalah statement yang menggambarkan bagaimana melakukan sesuatu, atau dengan kata lain adalah sebuah perintah.

A. Suggestions

The following English phrases and expressions are all used to make suggestions and give advice to people.

Making suggestions	Accepting suggestions	Refusing suggestions
· Let’s revise our lessons. · What about going to the cinema tonight? · How about playing cards? · Why don't we do our homework? · Couldn't we invite your grandmother to our party? · Shall we have a walk along the river? · What would you say to a cup of coffee? · Don't you think it is a good idea to watch TV? · Does it matter if we use your car? · You could (might) join the speech contest. · If I were you, I would take care this dog. · Why don’t you go to the doctor? · Why don’t you come to my house and borrow my umbrella? · What/How about going to the veterinarian? · You could (might) … · I suggest/recommend that you … · You really should/ought to … · I strongly advise/urge you to … · You’d better …	· Ok. Yes, let's. · Yes, I'd like to. · Yes, I'd love to. · What a good idea! · Why not? · Yes, with pleasure. · Yes, I feel like taking a walk. · That sounds like a good idea. · That’s a good/nice/ wonderful, idea/suggestion. · Thank you/ Thanks. · I’ll do/try that. · Why didn’t I think of that? · I think you’re right.	· No, let's not. · No, I'd rather not. · I don't feel like it. · I dislike going for a walk. · What an awful / bad idea!

Things to remember about suggestions:

1.The verb "suggest" can be followed by either:

· should + verb = I suggest (that) we should go to the theater.

· a verb (in the subjunctive form)= I suggest (that) we go to the movies.

2."That" is optional:

· "I suggest that we should visit Paris."

· "I suggest we should visit Paris."

Dialogue:

Two friends talking about where to go this evening:

Alice:	You know Alan, *why don't we go to the cinema to watch Titanic?*
Alan:	*No, let's not.* We've seen the film many times before. *What about going to the library?* We have to finish our school project!
Alice:	That sounds like a good idea. But when we finish *let's go to the cafè.*
Alan:	Yes, I'd love to.

B. Requesting

Making Requests	Accepting Requests	Refusing Requests
· Would you mind …, please? · Can/Could you …? · Will/Would you …? · Please … · can you ...? · could you ...? · will you ...? · would you mind ...? · Would you mind passing me the salt, please? · Could you please take me to the dentist? · Can you tell me what happened? · Will/Would you come to my birthday party? · Please tell me the story. · Can you show me your photo album, please? · Will you lend me your book, please? · Could you possibly show me the way to the post office, please? · Would you help me with this exercise, please? · Would you mind lending me your pen, please?	· Sure, I’d be glad/ happy to … · Of course/Certainly. · No problem. · Sure. Just a moment. · Sure here you are. · Okey. · No, I'm sorry I need it · I'm afraid I can't.	· I’d loved to, but … · It sounds great, but … · I’m/sorry, but … · Sorry to say that … · I tried that, but … · Thanks, but that won’t work/help because … · I don’t want to/can’t do that because … · That’s a good idea, but …

Here are some examples of how to make a request

Can you Will you Could you possibly	open the door for me, please?
would you mind	opening the door for me ?

Things to remember about making a request:

1. "Would you mind..." is followed by a gerund (verb+ing)
Example :"Would you mind lending me your book? "

2. The response to the following request: "Would you mind giving me your book? "

is either

· "No, I don't mind."

(which is a positive response to the request. It means that I accept to lend you my book)

· or "Yes."

· (which is a negative response to the request. It means that I don't want to lend you my book.)

3. Could is more polite than can.

C. Giving Instructions

You should keep it out of the children’s reach.
Whatever you do, don’t be nervous.
Bring that magazine to me.
Read the text loudly.
Open page 10 of this book.
Give me that story book.
Read this paragraph loudly.
Write your own story.

IV. EXPRESSION OF BLAMING AND ACCUSING, DENYING AND ADMITING

A. Definition of Blaming Someone (Menyalahkan Seseorang)

Blaming is when someone said that person did a mistake that should be her/his responsibility, like choosing wrong way.

Blaming (menyalahkan) adalah ketika seseorang mengatakan bahwa seseorang telah melakukan kesalahan yang seharusnya menjadi tanggung jawabnya, misalnya, memilih jalan yang salah. Atau

Expression of Blaming is an expression that is used to say on somebody the responsibility for something done (badly or wrongly) or not done.

(ungkapan menyalahkan adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk mengatakan seseorang bertanggung jawan untuk sesuatu yang telah dilakukan (secara buruk atau salah), atau tidak dilakukan.

Expressing Blaming	Declining of blaming
· It was your fault · You are the one to blame · How could you do such a thing? · It’s your mistake/fault. · I think you are to blame. · I think you are the one who could have done it. · Are you out of your mind? · I can’t believe that you did it. · I hope you’re sorry. · I hope you are sorry for…. · What on earth were you thinking?	· It’s not true · It wasn’t me · You are wrong, I didn’t do it · I ‘m not the one to blame

Example of Blaming Someone dialog

Lisa : Hey, you Kiki. Stop!
Kiki : What happened, Lisa?
Lisa : Did you steal my money? You’re the one to blame!
Kiki : It wasn’t me. I didn’t do that.
Lisa : But everybody in my class said you do that. You have to explain about this!
Kiki : Huh! How dare you’re. I never do that suck things.
Lisa : Yeah, but my friends had seen you out of my classroom. It must be you stealing my money.
Kiki : Prove it, how dare you just accuse and blame me without clear evidence. I will pay your money if you can prove that suck things!
Lisa : Ok, I will prove that!
Kiki : I will wait for that!

B. Accusing Someone (Menuduh Seseorang)

Accusing Someone is expression when someone said that person did something wrong although she/he doesn’t know the truth, like stealing.

Expression of Accusing Someone

Responses of Accusing

· It must have been you who did it
(pastilah Kamu yang telah melakukannya)

· I think you’re the only person who could have done it
(saya kira hanya kamulah satu-satunya orang yang bisa mekakukannya)

· You must be doing something wrong
(kamu pasti melakukan kesalahan)

· You must have talked about me behind my back.

· You dropped that porcelain glass last night, didn’t you?

· You took my magazine, didn’t you?

· You had lost all of my data on the computer

· I’m sorry. It’s my fault

· Sorry for my fault

· I’m sorry for the things. I’ve done

· It’s my responsibility. I’m sorry

· No, it wasn’t me

· Yes, I did. Sorry for not asking you first.

· I’m really sorry. I didn’t mean to

Example of Accusing Someone dialog

Dede : Kiki, stop right now?
Kiki : What?
Dede : Did you steal my handphone?
Kiki : No, I do not do that!
Dede : Seriously? But everybody in the class say that must be you! It was your fault Kiki!
Kiki : What? I never do that! Seriously! You’re such as a lier!! I hate you!
Dede : Huh! How could you run away from all this, and pretended not to know!
Kiki : You do not talk nonsense, prove it Dede!!
Dede : Huh! Sure I will.

V. EXPRESSION OF CURIOSITY

“Curiosity”, yaitu perasaan yang terjadi ketika kita benar-benar ingin tahu tentang sesuatu. Biasanya “Curiosity/rasa ingin tahu” terjadi ketika kita melihat sesuatu yang aneh atau sesuatu yang baru atau sesuatu yang membuat kita penasaran.

Expression of Curiosity

· What I’d really like to find out is …

· I’d be very interested to know …

· I’ve been meaning to ask you.

· I’d like to know …

· I wish I knew …

· I’d love to know …

· What’s on your mind?

· I wonder …?

Example of Expression of Curiosity dialog:

Linda : Did you know that Ifana and her team won a math Olympiad?
Cinta : Yes, I did. Actually I wonder how they could win it.
Linda : They are smart and creative.
Cinta : You’re right, but I want to know more about the key of their success.

2.
Sarah : “I’m so curious about the new student.”
Farhan : “Yeah, me too. Let’s wait for her. She loves coming to the library during the break.”

3.
Khadis : “You look so happy. I’m interested to know what happen to you.”
Sarah : “Sure, Dad. I got the highest score for math again.”
Khadis : “Really? So, congratulation.”

4.
Sarah : “Why are you staring me like that?”
Farhan : “I wonder why you could be smarter than me.”
Sarah : “Because I’m your sister, hehe..…”

VI. EXPRESSSION OF POSSIBILITY

What is the difference between possibility and probability?

Possibility is when there is a chance that something may happen or be true while probability is the likelihood of something happening or being true:

Example:
"Until yesterday, the project was just a possibility, but now it has become a real probability."

It is likely that it will happen.

“Possibility is used when we are talking about the future, we often don’t really know what will happen”.

(Possibility/kemungkikan digunakan ketika kita sedang berbicara tentang masa yang akan datang, kita sering tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi).

Expressions of Possibilities adalah ungkapan kemungkinan.

Misalnya, “Bosok mungkin akan hujan lebat”. “Mungkin yang akan jadi President nanti adalah Probowo Subianto”, dsb.

Ungkapan kemungkinan ini diucapkan untuk membicarakan masa yang akan datang, dan kita tidak benar2 tahu apa yang akan terjadi.

Expression to Ask About Possibilities	Responding	Expressing impossibility
· Would there be any possibility of …? · Do you think we are capable of …? · Would it be possible for (somebody) to …? · I think that would be possible …. · Is it possible to …? · Yes, there is a possibility …. · My grandmother may travel alone. · May be she will make the trip alone. · Perhaps she will visit London. · Possibly, she will go by plane. · It's possible that someone will meet her at the airport. · She might buy some presents for the family before she goes. · I suppose she might spend a lot of money on the presents. · There's a chance she'll like the city. · She will take an umbrella as it could rain heavily there..	· Yes, it is. · That’s possible. · Sure. It can be. · I think so. · Perhaps. · It’s possible. · Not a chance! · That’s not possible.	· No, it's impossible to repair that old Chevrolet. · Even a good mechanic can't possibly fix it. · We may not be able to travel by car. · There's no chance my father repairs it tomorrow.

Example of Expression of Possibilities dialog:
Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Son        : Daddy, what time did Uncle Jono leave for Bali this morning?
Father   : At 10 a.m, dear.
Son        : Why is he going there?
Father   : He plans to attend a conference.
Son        : What is he doing now?
Father   : Well, it is 9 p.m. now. I’m not sure. He could be reading a magazine or a newspaper.

He could be watching TV in his room. He might be preparing something for a

meeting. But I’m sure that Uncle Jono must be in his room now because he is not

   accustomed to going out late at night.
Son        : What about tomorrow Daddy?
Father   : He’ll probably see his colleagues or perhaps he’ll have a meeting.

Answer these questions.
1. Who went to Bali?
2. What time did he leave?
3. Does Uncle Jono like to go out late at night? Why not?
4. Is father sure that Uncle Jono is reading a newspaper, watching TV or preparing something

for a meeting?
5. Is there any possibility that Uncle Jono does such activities? What expressions are used?
6. Is father sure that Uncle Jono is in his room? What expression is used?
7. Is father sure that Uncle Jono will see his colleagues or will have a meeting? Whatexpression is used?

VII. EXPRESSION OF AGREEMENT AND DISANGREEMENT

Expression of Agreement and Disagreement (ungkapan persetujuan dan ketidaksetujuan).

Expression of Agreement atau ungkapan persetujuan adalah ungkapan yang kita pakai ketika kita sependapat dengan orang lain dalam suatu hal.

Misalnya teman sobat mengatakan “menurut saya sekolah ini perlu mengadakan acara istighosah bersama setiap bulan”. Trus kamu setuju dan mengatakan “Saya sependapat dengan kamu guys.

Expression of Disagreement atau ungkapan ketidaksetujuan adalah ungkapan ketika kita merasa tidak sependapat dengan orang lain.

Misalnya, “Untuk masalah ini saya kurang setuju dengan anda, saya lebih setuju jika masalah ini kita serahkan pada pihak yang berwenang”. Itulah contoh expression of disagreement.

Agreement, partial agreement and disagreement

The way people agree or disagree in an argument or discussion varies in different languages.

Agreement:

It is worthwhile saying that silence is not understood as agreement. If you agree with an opinion or an idea, you are expected to say so.

Partial agreement:

You can also agree but with reservation especially when there is a doubt or feeling of not being able to accept something completely

Disagreement:

Expressing disagreement is always respected as honest, and sometimes as courageous.

Agreement	partial agreement	disagreement
There is no doubt about it that... I completely / absolutely agree with you. I agree with you entirely. I totally agree with you. I simply must agree with that. I am of the same opinion. I am of the same opinion. That’s exactly what I think. I agree with you 100 percent. I couldn’t agree with you more. That’s so true. That’s for sure. (slang) Tell me about it! You’re absolutely right. Absolutely. That’s exactly how I feel. Exactly. I’m afraid I agree with James. I have to side with Dad on this one. No doubt about it. (agree with negative statement) Me neither. (weak) I suppose so./I guess so. You have a point there. I was just going to say that.	It is only partly true that... That’s true, but… I can agree with that only with reservations. That seems obvious, but... That is not necessarily so. It is not as simple as it seems. I agree with you in principle, but… I agree with you in part, but… Well, you could be right.	I don't agree with you. I’m sorry, but I disagree. I'm afraid, I can't agree with you. The problem is that... I (very much) doubt whether... This is in complete contradiction to... With all due respect,… I am of a different opinion because ... I cannot share this / that / the view. I cannot agree with this idea. What I object to is... I have my own thoughts about that I don’t think so. (strong) No way. I’m afraid I disagree. (strong) I totally disagree. I beg to differ. (strong) I’d say the exact opposite. Not necessarily. That’s not always true. That’s not always the case. No, I’m not so sure about that.

Interruptions	Settling an argument
Can I add something here? Is it okay if I jump in for a second? If I might add something… Can I throw my two cents in? Sorry to interrupt, but… (after accidentally interrupting someone) Sorry, go ahead. OR Sorry, you were saying… (after being interrupted) You didn’t let me finish.	Let’s just move on, shall we? Let’s drop it. I think we’re going to have to agree to disagree. (sarcastic) Whatever you say./If you say so.

Example of Expression of Agreement and Disagreement dialog:

A: I was thinking of celebrating our annual family dinner in the mountains.
B: I totally agree with you. I think that would be perfect!
A: I was thinking it could take place sometime in December.
B: That might be a little too cold for some people, especially our grandparents.
A: Yes, you are right.
B: What about February? There is good weather in February. It isn’t too cold or too hot.
A: Yes, that would work out better.
B: Maybe we could have a survey to see if everyone likes that idea.
A: Great! We’ll have to get right on it.
B: Fine, well, I’ll start working on it!

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